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  1. ============================================================

  2.                     GENERAL                                 

  3. ============================================================

  4. 

  5. 

  6. OPTION VERSION "VINTAGE"

  7. REM INTERNAL ID: V09

  8. REM DESCRIPTION: Vintage BASIC 1.0.1

  9. REM   REFERENCE: Vintage BASIC User's Guide 1.0.1

  10. REM              by Lyle Kopnicky

  11. REM              (c) 2009, Lyle Kopnicky

  12. REM              http://www.vintage-basic.net/

  13. REM              vintage-basic-1.0.1.tar.gz

  14. REM

  15. OPTION STRICT OFF

  16. OPTION ANGLE RADIANS

  17. OPTION BUGS ON

  18. OPTION LABELS OFF

  19. OPTION COMPARE BINARY

  20. OPTION COVERAGE OFF

  21. OPTION TRACE OFF

  22. OPTION ERROR GOTO

  23. OPTION IMPLICIT

  24. OPTION BASE          0

  25. OPTION RECLEN        128

  26. OPTION DATE          ""

  27. OPTION TIME          ""

  28. OPTION PUNCT STRING        "$"

  29. OPTION PUNCT DOUBLE        " "

  30. OPTION PUNCT SINGLE        " "

  31. OPTION PUNCT CURRENCY      " "

  32. OPTION PUNCT LONG          " "

  33. OPTION PUNCT INTEGER       "%"

  34. OPTION PUNCT BYTE          " "

  35. OPTION PUNCT QUOTE         """

  36. OPTION PUNCT COMMENT       " "

  37. OPTION PUNCT STATEMENT     ":"

  38. OPTION PUNCT PRINT         " "

  39. OPTION PUNCT INPUT         " "

  40. OPTION PUNCT IMAGE         " "

  41. OPTION PUNCT LPAREN        "("

  42. OPTION PUNCT RPAREN        ")"

  43. OPTION PUNCT FILENUM       " "

  44. OPTION PUNCT AT            " "

  45. OPTION USING DIGIT   "#"

  46. OPTION USING COMMA   ","

  47. OPTION USING PERIOD  "."

  48. OPTION USING PLUS    "+"

  49. OPTION USING MINUS   "-"

  50. OPTION USING EXRAD   "^"

  51. OPTION USING DOLLAR  "$"

  52. OPTION USING FILLER  "*"

  53. OPTION USING LITERAL "_"

  54. OPTION USING FIRST   "!"

  55. OPTION USING ALL     "&"

  56. OPTION USING LENGTH  "\"

  57. 

  58. 

  59. ============================================================

  60.                     COMMANDS                                

  61. ============================================================

  62. 

  63. 

  64. ------------------------------------------------------------

  65.      SYNTAX: DATA constant [, ...]

  66. DESCRIPTION: Stores numeric and string constants to be

  67.              accessed by READ.

  68. ------------------------------------------------------------

  69.      SYNTAX: DEF FNname[( arg [,...] )] = value

  70. DESCRIPTION: Defines a single-line function.  Single-line

  71.              functions require an equal sign.

  72. ------------------------------------------------------------

  73.      SYNTAX: DIM [# filenum,] variable([ lower TO ] upper)

  74. DESCRIPTION: Declares variables and specifies the

  75.              dimensions of array variables.  For array

  76.              variables, if the lower bound is not

  77.              provided, then the OPTION BASE value is used.

  78.              If filenum is provided, then the variable is

  79.              virtual.

  80. ------------------------------------------------------------

  81.      SYNTAX: ELSE

  82. DESCRIPTION: Introduces a default condition in a multi-line

  83.              IF statement.

  84. ------------------------------------------------------------

  85.      SYNTAX: ELSEIF

  86. DESCRIPTION: Introduces a secondary condition in a

  87.              multi-line IF statement.

  88. ------------------------------------------------------------

  89.      SYNTAX: END

  90. DESCRIPTION: Terminates program execution. If the BASIC

  91.              program was executed from the operating

  92.              system level, then control returns to the

  93.              operating system, oterwise control reuturns

  94.              to the BASIC prompt.

  95. ------------------------------------------------------------

  96.      SYNTAX: END IF

  97. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the last line of a multi-line IF

  98.              definition.

  99. ------------------------------------------------------------

  100.      SYNTAX: FOR variable = start TO finish [STEP

  101.              increment]

  102. DESCRIPTION: Top of a FOR - NEXT structure.  The loop will

  103.              continue a fixed number of times, which is

  104.              determined by the values of start, finish,

  105.              and increment.

  106. ------------------------------------------------------------

  107.      SYNTAX: GO

  108. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  109. ------------------------------------------------------------

  110.      SYNTAX: GO SUB line

  111. DESCRIPTION: Initiates a subroutine call to the line

  112.              specified.  The subroutine must end with

  113.              RETURN.  The line may be a number or a label.

  114. ------------------------------------------------------------

  115.      SYNTAX: GO TO line

  116. DESCRIPTION: Branches program execution to the specified

  117.              line.  The line may be a number or a label.

  118. ------------------------------------------------------------

  119.      SYNTAX: GOSUB line

  120. DESCRIPTION: Initiates a subroutine call to the line

  121.              specified.  The subroutine must end with

  122.              RETURN.  The line may be a number or a label.

  123. ------------------------------------------------------------

  124.      SYNTAX: GOTO line

  125. DESCRIPTION: Branches program execution to the specified

  126.              line.  The line may be a number or a label.

  127. ------------------------------------------------------------

  128.      SYNTAX: IF value THEN line1 [ELSE line2]

  129. DESCRIPTION: Single line standard IF command.  If the value

  130.              is non-zero, then branh to line1.  If the

  131.              value is zero and ELSE is provided, then

  132.              branch to line2.  Otherwise continue to the

  133.              next line.  LABELS are not allowed.

  134. ------------------------------------------------------------

  135.      SYNTAX: IF value THEN

  136. DESCRIPTION: Top of a multi-line IF - END IF structure.  If

  137.              the value is non-zero, then the program lines

  138.              upto the next ELSE or ELSE IF command are

  139.              executed, otherwise the program branches to

  140.              the next ELSE or ELSE IF command.

  141. ------------------------------------------------------------

  142.      SYNTAX: [LET] variable [, ...] = value

  143. DESCRIPTION: Assigns the value to the variable.  The LET

  144.              keyword is optional.

  145. ------------------------------------------------------------

  146.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER

  147. DESCRIPTION: This command is reserved for use by the

  148.              Bywater BASIC maintainer.  It is not for the

  149.              BASIC programmer.

  150. ------------------------------------------------------------

  151.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER CMDS

  152. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  153. ------------------------------------------------------------

  154.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER CMDS HTML

  155. DESCRIPTION: Dump COMMAND vs VERSION as HTML table

  156. ------------------------------------------------------------

  157.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER CMDS ID

  158. DESCRIPTION: Dump COMMAND #define.

  159. ------------------------------------------------------------

  160.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER CMDS MANUAL

  161. DESCRIPTION: Dump COMMAND manual.

  162. ------------------------------------------------------------

  163.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER CMDS_SWITCH

  164. DESCRIPTION: Dump COMMAND switch.

  165. ------------------------------------------------------------

  166.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER CMDS TABLE

  167. DESCRIPTION: Dump COMMAND table.

  168. ------------------------------------------------------------

  169.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER DEBUG

  170. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  171. ------------------------------------------------------------

  172.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER DEBUG OFF

  173. DESCRIPTION: Disable degug tracing.

  174. ------------------------------------------------------------

  175.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER DEBUG ON

  176. DESCRIPTION: Enable degug tracing.

  177. ------------------------------------------------------------

  178.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER FNCS

  179. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  180. ------------------------------------------------------------

  181.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER FNCS HTML

  182. DESCRIPTION: Dump FUNCTION vs VERSION as HTML table.

  183. ------------------------------------------------------------

  184.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER FNCS ID

  185. DESCRIPTION: Dump FUNCTION #define.

  186. ------------------------------------------------------------

  187.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER FNCS MANUAL

  188. DESCRIPTION: Dump FUNCTION manual.

  189. ------------------------------------------------------------

  190.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER FNCS SWITCH

  191. DESCRIPTION: Dump FUNCTION switch.

  192. ------------------------------------------------------------

  193.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER FNCS TABLE

  194. DESCRIPTION: Dump FUNCTION table.

  195. ------------------------------------------------------------

  196.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER MANUAL

  197. DESCRIPTION: Dump manual for the currently selected OPTION

  198.              VERSION.

  199. ------------------------------------------------------------

  200.      SYNTAX: MAINTAINER STACK

  201. DESCRIPTION: Dump the BASIC stack.

  202. ------------------------------------------------------------

  203.      SYNTAX: NEXT [variable]

  204. DESCRIPTION: The bottom line of a FOR - NEXT structure.

  205. ------------------------------------------------------------

  206.      SYNTAX: ON value GOSUB line [, ...]

  207. DESCRIPTION: Calls based on the rounded value.

  208. ------------------------------------------------------------

  209.      SYNTAX: ON value GOTO line [, ...]

  210. DESCRIPTION: Branches based on the rounded value.

  211. ------------------------------------------------------------

  212.      SYNTAX: OPTION

  213. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  214. ------------------------------------------------------------

  215.      SYNTAX: OPTION ANGLE

  216. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  217. ------------------------------------------------------------

  218.      SYNTAX: OPTION ANGLE DEGREES

  219. DESCRIPTION: Configures these math functions to accept and

  220.              return angles in degrees:  ACOS, ACS, ANGLE,

  221.              ARCSIN, ASIN, ASN, ARCTAN, ATN, ATAN, COS,

  222.              COT, CSC, SEC, SIN and TAN.

  223. ------------------------------------------------------------

  224.      SYNTAX: OPTION ANGLE GRADIANS

  225. DESCRIPTION: Configures these math functions to accept and

  226.              return angles in gradians:  ACOS, ANGLE,

  227.              ASIN, ASN, ATN, ATAN, COS, COT, CSC, SEC, SIN

  228.              and TAN.

  229. ------------------------------------------------------------

  230.      SYNTAX: OPTION ANGLE RADIANS

  231. DESCRIPTION: Configures these math functions to accept and

  232.              return angles in radians:  ACOS, ANGLE, ASIN,

  233.              ASN, ATN, ATAN, COS, COT, CSC, SEC, SIN and

  234.              TAN.

  235. ------------------------------------------------------------

  236.      SYNTAX: OPTION ARITHMETIC

  237. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  238. ------------------------------------------------------------

  239.      SYNTAX: OPTION ARITHMETIC DECIMAL

  240. DESCRIPTION: Currently has no effect.

  241. ------------------------------------------------------------

  242.      SYNTAX: OPTION ARITHMETIC FIXED

  243. DESCRIPTION: Currently has no effect.

  244. ------------------------------------------------------------

  245.      SYNTAX: OPTION ARITHMETIC NATIVE

  246. DESCRIPTION: Currently has no effect.

  247. ------------------------------------------------------------

  248.      SYNTAX: OPTION BASE integer

  249. DESCRIPTION: Sets the default lowest array subscript.

  250. ------------------------------------------------------------

  251.      SYNTAX: OPTION BUGS

  252. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  253. ------------------------------------------------------------

  254.      SYNTAX: OPTION BUGS BOOLEAN

  255. DESCRIPTION: Boolean results are 1 or 0 instead of bitwise.

  256. ------------------------------------------------------------

  257.      SYNTAX: OPTION BUGS OFF

  258. DESCRIPTION: Disables bugs commonly found in many BASIC

  259.              dialects.

  260. ------------------------------------------------------------

  261.      SYNTAX: OPTION BUGS ON

  262. DESCRIPTION: Enables bugs commonly found in many BASIC

  263.              dialects.

  264. ------------------------------------------------------------

  265.      SYNTAX: OPTION COMPARE

  266. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  267. ------------------------------------------------------------

  268.      SYNTAX: OPTION COMPARE BINARY

  269. DESCRIPTION: Causes string comparisons to be

  270.              case-sensitive.

  271. ------------------------------------------------------------

  272.      SYNTAX: OPTION COMPARE DATABASE

  273. DESCRIPTION: Causes string comparisons to be

  274.              case-insensitive.

  275. ------------------------------------------------------------

  276.      SYNTAX: OPTION COMPARE TEXT

  277. DESCRIPTION: Causes string comparisons to be

  278.              case-insensitive.

  279. ------------------------------------------------------------

  280.      SYNTAX: OPTION COVERAGE

  281. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  282. ------------------------------------------------------------

  283.      SYNTAX: OPTION COVERAGE OFF

  284. DESCRIPTION: Disables BASIC code coverage recording,

  285.              displayed using the LIST command.

  286. ------------------------------------------------------------

  287.      SYNTAX: OPTION COVERAGE ON

  288. DESCRIPTION: Enables BASIC code coverage recording,

  289.              displayed using the LIST command.

  290. ------------------------------------------------------------

  291.      SYNTAX: OPTION DATE format$

  292. DESCRIPTION: Sets the date format string used by C

  293.              strftime() for DATE$.

  294. ------------------------------------------------------------

  295.      SYNTAX: OPTION DIGITS integer

  296. DESCRIPTION: Sets the number of significant digits for

  297.              PRINT.  Setting the value to zero restores

  298.              the default.

  299. ------------------------------------------------------------

  300.      SYNTAX: OPTION DISABLE

  301. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  302. ------------------------------------------------------------

  303.      SYNTAX: OPTION DISABLE COMMAND name$

  304. DESCRIPTION: Disables the specified BASIC command.

  305. ------------------------------------------------------------

  306.      SYNTAX: OPTION DISABLE FUNCTION name$

  307. DESCRIPTION: Disables the specified BASIC function.

  308. ------------------------------------------------------------

  309.      SYNTAX: OPTION DISABLE OPERATOR name$

  310. DESCRIPTION: Disables the specified BASIC operator.

  311. ------------------------------------------------------------

  312.      SYNTAX: OPTION EDIT string$

  313. DESCRIPTION: Sets the program name used by the EDIT

  314.              command.

  315. ------------------------------------------------------------

  316.      SYNTAX: OPTION ENABLE

  317. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  318. ------------------------------------------------------------

  319.      SYNTAX: OPTION ENABLE COMMAND name$

  320. DESCRIPTION: Enables the specified BASIC command.

  321. ------------------------------------------------------------

  322.      SYNTAX: OPTION ENABLE FUNCTION name$

  323. DESCRIPTION: Enables the specified BASIC function.

  324. ------------------------------------------------------------

  325.      SYNTAX: OPTION ENABLE OPERATOR name$

  326. DESCRIPTION: Enables the specified BASIC operator.

  327. ------------------------------------------------------------

  328.      SYNTAX: OPTION ERROR

  329. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  330. ------------------------------------------------------------

  331.      SYNTAX: OPTION ERROR GOSUB

  332. DESCRIPTION: When an error occurs, GOSUB to the error

  333.              handler.  The error handler exits with

  334.              RETURN.

  335. ------------------------------------------------------------

  336.      SYNTAX: OPTION ERROR GOTO

  337. DESCRIPTION: When an error occurs, GOTO to the error

  338.              handler.  The error handler exits with

  339.              RESUME.

  340. ------------------------------------------------------------

  341.      SYNTAX: OPTION EXPLICIT

  342. DESCRIPTION: All variables must be declared using DIM.

  343. ------------------------------------------------------------

  344.      SYNTAX: OPTION EXTENSION string$

  345. DESCRIPTION: Sets the BASIC filename extension, commonly

  346.              ".bas".

  347. ------------------------------------------------------------

  348.      SYNTAX: OPTION FILES string$

  349. DESCRIPTION: Sets the program name used by the FILES

  350.              command.

  351. ------------------------------------------------------------

  352.      SYNTAX: OPTION IMPLICIT

  353. DESCRIPTION: Variables need not be declared using DIM,

  354.              provided arrays have no more that 10

  355.              elements.  This is the opposite of OPTION

  356.              EXPLICIT, and is the default for all versions

  357.              of BASIC.

  358. ------------------------------------------------------------

  359.      SYNTAX: OPTION INDENT integer

  360. DESCRIPTION: Sets indention level for LIST.  Zero means no

  361.              indention.  Default is 2.

  362. ------------------------------------------------------------

  363.      SYNTAX: OPTION LABELS

  364. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  365. ------------------------------------------------------------

  366.      SYNTAX: OPTION LABELS OFF

  367. DESCRIPTION: Disables text labels.

  368. ------------------------------------------------------------

  369.      SYNTAX: OPTION LABELS ON

  370. DESCRIPTION: Enables text labels.

  371. ------------------------------------------------------------

  372.      SYNTAX: OPTION PROMPT string$

  373. DESCRIPTION: Sets the BASIC prompt.

  374. ------------------------------------------------------------

  375.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT

  376. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  377. ------------------------------------------------------------

  378.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT AT char$

  379. DESCRIPTION: Sets the PRINT AT character, commonly "@".

  380. ------------------------------------------------------------

  381.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT BYTE char$

  382. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  383.              variable is of type BYTE, commonly "~".

  384. ------------------------------------------------------------

  385.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT COMMENT char$

  386. DESCRIPTION: Sets the shortcut COMMENT character.

  387. ------------------------------------------------------------

  388.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT CURRENCY char$

  389. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  390.              variable is of type CURRENCY, commonly "@".

  391. ------------------------------------------------------------

  392.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT DOUBLE char$

  393. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  394.              variable is of type DOUBLE, commonly "#".

  395. ------------------------------------------------------------

  396.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT FILENUM char$

  397. DESCRIPTION: Sets the FILE NUMBER prefix character,

  398.              commonly "#".

  399. ------------------------------------------------------------

  400.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT IMAGE char$

  401. DESCRIPTION: Sets the shortcut IMAGE character, commonly

  402.              ":".

  403. ------------------------------------------------------------

  404.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT INPUT char$

  405. DESCRIPTION: Sets the shortcut INPUT character, commonly

  406.              "!".

  407. ------------------------------------------------------------

  408.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT INTEGER char$

  409. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  410.              variable is of type INTEGER, commonly "%".

  411. ------------------------------------------------------------

  412.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT LONG char$

  413. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  414.              variable is of type LONG, commonly "&".

  415. ------------------------------------------------------------

  416.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT LPAREN char$

  417. DESCRIPTION: Sets the LEFT PARENTHESIS character, commonly

  418.              "(".

  419. ------------------------------------------------------------

  420.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT_PRINT char$

  421. DESCRIPTION: Sets the shortcut PRINT character, commonly

  422.              "?".

  423. ------------------------------------------------------------

  424.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT QUOTE char$

  425. DESCRIPTION: Sets the QUOTE character, commonly """

  426. ------------------------------------------------------------

  427.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT RPAREN char$

  428. DESCRIPTION: Sets the RIGHT PARENTHESIS character, commonly

  429.              ")".

  430. ------------------------------------------------------------

  431.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT SINGLE char$

  432. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  433.              variable is of type SINGLE, commonly "!".

  434. ------------------------------------------------------------

  435.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT STATEMENT char$

  436. DESCRIPTION: Sets the statement seperator character,

  437.              commonly ":".

  438. ------------------------------------------------------------

  439.      SYNTAX: OPTION PUNCT STRING char$

  440. DESCRIPTION: Sets the suffix character that indicates a

  441.              variable is of type STRING, commonly "$".

  442. ------------------------------------------------------------

  443.      SYNTAX: OPTION RECLEN integer

  444. DESCRIPTION: Sets the default RANDOM record length.

  445. ------------------------------------------------------------

  446.      SYNTAX: OPTION RENUM string$

  447. DESCRIPTION: Sets the program name used by the RENUM

  448.              command.

  449. ------------------------------------------------------------

  450.      SYNTAX: OPTION ROUND

  451. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  452. ------------------------------------------------------------

  453.      SYNTAX: OPTION ROUND BANK

  454. DESCRIPTION: Round using the Banker rule.

  455. ------------------------------------------------------------

  456.      SYNTAX: OPTION ROUND MATH

  457. DESCRIPTION: Round using mathematical rules.

  458. ------------------------------------------------------------

  459.      SYNTAX: OPTION ROUND TRUNCATE

  460. DESCRIPTION: Round using truncation.

  461. ------------------------------------------------------------

  462.      SYNTAX: OPTION SCALE integer

  463. DESCRIPTION: Sets the number of digits to round after the

  464.              decimal point for PRINT.  Setting the value

  465.              to zero disables rounding.

  466. ------------------------------------------------------------

  467.      SYNTAX: OPTION SLEEP double

  468. DESCRIPTION: Sets multiplier for SLEEP and WAIT.  Zero

  469.              means no waiting.  Default is 1.

  470. ------------------------------------------------------------

  471.      SYNTAX: OPTION STDERR filename$

  472. DESCRIPTION: Sets the file used for STDERR, which is used

  473.              by LPRINT commands.

  474. ------------------------------------------------------------

  475.      SYNTAX: OPTION STDIN filename$

  476. DESCRIPTION: Sets the file used for STDIN, which is used by

  477.              INPUT commands.

  478. ------------------------------------------------------------

  479.      SYNTAX: OPTION STDOUT filename$

  480. DESCRIPTION: Sets the file used for STDOUT, which is used

  481.              by PRINT commands.

  482. ------------------------------------------------------------

  483.      SYNTAX: OPTION STRICT

  484. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  485. ------------------------------------------------------------

  486.      SYNTAX: OPTION STRICT OFF

  487. DESCRIPTION: Disables checking for implicit array creation

  488.              without using the DIM command.

  489. ------------------------------------------------------------

  490.      SYNTAX: OPTION STRICT ON

  491. DESCRIPTION: Enables checking for implicit array creation

  492.              without using the DIM command.

  493. ------------------------------------------------------------

  494.      SYNTAX: OPTION TERMINAL

  495. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  496. ------------------------------------------------------------

  497.      SYNTAX: OPTION TERMINAL ADM

  498. DESCRIPTION: Enables ADM-3A terminal control codes for CLS,

  499.              COLOR, and LOCATE.

  500. ------------------------------------------------------------

  501.      SYNTAX: OPTION TERMINAL ANSI

  502. DESCRIPTION: Enables ANSI terminal control codes for CLS,

  503.              COLOR, and LOCATE.

  504. ------------------------------------------------------------

  505.      SYNTAX: OPTION TERMINAL NONE

  506. DESCRIPTION: Disables terminal control codes for CLS,

  507.              COLOR, and LOCATE.

  508. ------------------------------------------------------------

  509.      SYNTAX: OPTION TIME format$

  510. DESCRIPTION: Sets the time format string used by C

  511.              strftime() for TIME$.

  512. ------------------------------------------------------------

  513.      SYNTAX: OPTION TRACE

  514. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  515. ------------------------------------------------------------

  516.      SYNTAX: OPTION TRACE OFF

  517. DESCRIPTION: Disables displaying a stack trace when an

  518.              ERROR occurs.

  519. ------------------------------------------------------------

  520.      SYNTAX: OPTION TRACE ON

  521. DESCRIPTION: Enables displaying a stack trace when an ERROR

  522.              occurs.

  523. ------------------------------------------------------------

  524.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING

  525. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  526. ------------------------------------------------------------

  527.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING ALL char$

  528. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic ALL character for the

  529.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "&".

  530. ------------------------------------------------------------

  531.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING COMMA char$

  532. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic COMMA character for the

  533.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is ",".

  534. ------------------------------------------------------------

  535.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING DIGIT char$

  536. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic DIGIT character for the

  537.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "#".

  538. ------------------------------------------------------------

  539.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING DOLLAR char$

  540. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic DOLLAR character for the

  541.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "$".

  542. ------------------------------------------------------------

  543.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING EXRAD char$

  544. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic EXRAD character for the

  545.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "^".

  546. ------------------------------------------------------------

  547.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING FILLER char$

  548. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic FILLER character for the

  549.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "*".

  550. ------------------------------------------------------------

  551.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING FIRST char$

  552. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic FIRST character for the

  553.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "!".

  554. ------------------------------------------------------------

  555.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING LENGTH char$

  556. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic LENGTH character for the

  557.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "\".

  558. ------------------------------------------------------------

  559.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING LITERAL char$

  560. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic LITERAL character for the

  561.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "_".

  562. ------------------------------------------------------------

  563.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING MINUS char$

  564. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic MINUS character for the

  565.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "-".

  566. ------------------------------------------------------------

  567.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING PERIOD char$

  568. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic PERIOD character for the

  569.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is ".".

  570. ------------------------------------------------------------

  571.      SYNTAX: OPTION USING PLUS char$

  572. DESCRIPTION: Specifies the magic PLUS character for the

  573.              PRINT USING command.  A common value is "+".

  574. ------------------------------------------------------------

  575.      SYNTAX: OPTION VERSION version$

  576. DESCRIPTION: Selects a specific BASIC version, which is a

  577.              combination of OPTION settings, commands,

  578.              functions and operators.  If no version is

  579.              specified, displays a list of the available

  580.              versions.

  581. ------------------------------------------------------------

  582.      SYNTAX: OPTION ZONE integer

  583. DESCRIPTION: Sets the PRINT zone width.  Setting the value

  584.              to zero restores the default.

  585. ------------------------------------------------------------

  586.      SYNTAX: PRINT [USING format$;] value ...

  587. DESCRIPTION: Sends output to the screen.

  588. ------------------------------------------------------------

  589.      SYNTAX: READ variable [, ...]

  590. DESCRIPTION: Reads values from DATA statements.

  591. ------------------------------------------------------------

  592.      SYNTAX: REM ...

  593. DESCRIPTION: Remark.

  594. ------------------------------------------------------------

  595.      SYNTAX: RESTORE [line]

  596. DESCRIPTION: Resets the line used for the next READ

  597.              statement.  line may be either a number or a

  598.              label.

  599. ------------------------------------------------------------

  600.      SYNTAX: RETURN

  601. DESCRIPTION: Concludes a subroutine called by GOSUB.

  602. ------------------------------------------------------------

  603.      SYNTAX: STEP

  604. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  605. ------------------------------------------------------------

  606.      SYNTAX: STOP

  607. DESCRIPTION: Interrupts program execution and displays the

  608.              line number of the STOP command.  For use

  609.              when debugging BASIC programs.  Whether STOP

  610.              issues a SIGINT signal is implementation

  611.              defined.

  612. ------------------------------------------------------------

  613.      SYNTAX: SYSTEM

  614. DESCRIPTION: Exits to the operating system.

  615. ------------------------------------------------------------

  616.      SYNTAX: THEN

  617. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  618. ------------------------------------------------------------

  619.      SYNTAX: TO

  620. DESCRIPTION: Syntax Error.

  621. ------------------------------------------------------------

  622. 

  623. 

  624. ============================================================

  625.                     FUNCTIONS                               

  626. ============================================================

  627. 

  628. 

  629. ------------------------------------------------------------

  630.      SYNTAX: N  = ABS( X )

  631.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  632. DESCRIPTION: The absolute value of X.

  633. ------------------------------------------------------------

  634.      SYNTAX: N  = ASC( A$ )

  635.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 1

  636. DESCRIPTION: The numeric code for the first letter in A$. 

  637.              For example, ASC("ABC") returns 65 on ASCII

  638.              systems.

  639. ------------------------------------------------------------

  640.      SYNTAX: N  = ATN( X )

  641.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  642. DESCRIPTION: The arctangent of X in radians, i.e. the angle

  643.              whose tangent is X, where -PI/2 < ATN(X) <

  644.              PI/2.

  645. ------------------------------------------------------------

  646.      SYNTAX: S$ = CHR$( X )

  647.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, [0,255]

  648. DESCRIPTION: The one-character string with the character

  649.              corresponding to the numeric code X.  On

  650.              ASCII systems, CHR$(65) returns "A".

  651. ------------------------------------------------------------

  652.      SYNTAX: N  = COS( X )

  653.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  654. DESCRIPTION: The cosine of X, where X is in radians.

  655. ------------------------------------------------------------

  656.      SYNTAX: N  = EXP( X )

  657.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  658. DESCRIPTION: The exponential value of X, i.e., the value of

  659.              the base of natural logarithms (e = 2.71828)

  660.              raised to the power of X;  if EXP(X) is less

  661.              that machine infinitesimal, then its value

  662.              shall be replaced with zero.

  663. ------------------------------------------------------------

  664.      SYNTAX: N  = INT( X )

  665.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  666. DESCRIPTION: The largest integer not greater than X; e.g.

  667.              INT(1.3) = 1 and INT(-1.3) = 2.

  668. ------------------------------------------------------------

  669.      SYNTAX: S$ = LEFT$( A$, X )

  670.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 0

  671.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, [0,MAXLEN]

  672. DESCRIPTION: The X left-most characters of A$, beginning

  673.              from postion 1.

  674. ------------------------------------------------------------

  675.      SYNTAX: N  = LEN( A$ )

  676.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 0

  677. DESCRIPTION: The length of A$.

  678. ------------------------------------------------------------

  679.      SYNTAX: N  = LOG( X )

  680.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, >  0

  681. DESCRIPTION: The natural logarithm of X; X shall be greater

  682.              than zero.

  683. ------------------------------------------------------------

  684.      SYNTAX: S$ = MID$( A$, X )

  685.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 0

  686.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, [1,MAXLEN]

  687. DESCRIPTION: The characters of A$, starting from postion X.

  688. ------------------------------------------------------------

  689.      SYNTAX: S$ = MID$( A$, X, Y )

  690.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 0

  691.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, [1,MAXLEN]

  692.   PARAMETER: Y  is a number, [0,MAXLEN]

  693. DESCRIPTION: The Y characters of A$, starting from postion

  694.              X.

  695. ------------------------------------------------------------

  696.      SYNTAX: N  = RANDOMIZE

  697. DESCRIPTION: Seeds the pseudo-random number generator with

  698.              TIME.

  699. ------------------------------------------------------------

  700.      SYNTAX: S$ = RIGHT$( A$, X )

  701.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 0

  702.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, [0,MAXLEN]

  703. DESCRIPTION: The right-most X characters of A$.

  704. ------------------------------------------------------------

  705.      SYNTAX: N  = RND

  706. DESCRIPTION: The next pseudo-random number in an

  707.              implementation-defined sequence of

  708.              pseudo-random numbers uniformly distributed

  709.              in the range 0 <= RND < 1.

  710. ------------------------------------------------------------

  711.      SYNTAX: N  = RND( X )

  712.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  713. DESCRIPTION: Returns a pseudorandom number in the range

  714.              [0,1].  The value of X is ignored.

  715. ------------------------------------------------------------

  716.      SYNTAX: N  = SGN( X )

  717.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  718. DESCRIPTION: The sign of X: -1 if X < 0, 0 if X = 0, and +1

  719.              if X > 0.

  720. ------------------------------------------------------------

  721.      SYNTAX: S$ = SPC( X )

  722.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  723. DESCRIPTION: The string of X spaces.  Only for use within

  724.              the PRINT command.

  725. ------------------------------------------------------------

  726.      SYNTAX: N  = SQR( X )

  727.   PARAMETER: X  is a number, >= 0

  728. DESCRIPTION: The non-negative square root of X;  X shall be

  729.              non-negative.

  730. ------------------------------------------------------------

  731.      SYNTAX: S$ = STR$( X )

  732.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  733. DESCRIPTION: The string generated by the print-statement as

  734.              the numeric-representation of the value

  735.              associated with X.

  736. ------------------------------------------------------------

  737.      SYNTAX: S$ = TAB( X )

  738.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  739. DESCRIPTION: The string required to advance to column X. 

  740.              Only for use within the PRINT command.

  741. ------------------------------------------------------------

  742.      SYNTAX: N  = TAN( X )

  743.   PARAMETER: X  is a number

  744. DESCRIPTION: The tangent of X, where X is in radians.

  745. ------------------------------------------------------------

  746.      SYNTAX: N  = VAL( A$ )

  747.   PARAMETER: A$ is a string, LEN >= 1

  748. DESCRIPTION: The value of the numeric-constant associated

  749.              with A$, if the string associated with A$ is

  750.              a numeric-constant.  Leading and trailing

  751.              spaces in the string are ignored.  If the

  752.              evaluation of the numeric-constant would

  753.              result in a value which causes an underflow,

  754.              then the value returned shall be zero.  For

  755.              example, VAL( " 123.5 " ) = 123.5, VAL(

  756.              "2.E-99" ) could be zero, and VAL( "MCMXVII"

  757.              ) causes an exception.

  758. ------------------------------------------------------------

  759. 

  760. 

  761. ============================================================

  762.                     OPERATORS                               

  763. ============================================================

  764. 

  765. 

  766. ------------------------------------------------------------

  767.      SYNTAX: X ^ Y

  768. DESCRIPTION: Exponential

  769.  PRECEDENCE: 14

  770. ------------------------------------------------------------

  771.      SYNTAX: + X

  772. DESCRIPTION: Posation

  773.  PRECEDENCE: 13

  774. ------------------------------------------------------------

  775.      SYNTAX: - X

  776. DESCRIPTION: Negation

  777.  PRECEDENCE: 13

  778. ------------------------------------------------------------

  779.      SYNTAX: X * Y

  780. DESCRIPTION: Multiplication

  781.  PRECEDENCE: 12

  782. ------------------------------------------------------------

  783.      SYNTAX: X / Y

  784. DESCRIPTION: Division

  785.  PRECEDENCE: 12

  786. ------------------------------------------------------------

  787.      SYNTAX: X + Y

  788. DESCRIPTION: Addition

  789.  PRECEDENCE: 9

  790. ------------------------------------------------------------

  791.      SYNTAX: X - Y

  792. DESCRIPTION: Subtraction

  793.  PRECEDENCE: 9

  794. ------------------------------------------------------------

  795.      SYNTAX: X < Y

  796. DESCRIPTION: Less than

  797.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  798. ------------------------------------------------------------

  799.      SYNTAX: X <= Y

  800. DESCRIPTION: Less than or Equal

  801.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  802. ------------------------------------------------------------

  803.      SYNTAX: X <> Y

  804. DESCRIPTION: Not Equal

  805.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  806. ------------------------------------------------------------

  807.      SYNTAX: X = Y

  808. DESCRIPTION: Equal

  809.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  810. ------------------------------------------------------------

  811.      SYNTAX: X =< Y

  812. DESCRIPTION: Less than or Equal

  813.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  814. ------------------------------------------------------------

  815.      SYNTAX: X => Y

  816. DESCRIPTION: Greater than or Equal

  817.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  818. ------------------------------------------------------------

  819.      SYNTAX: X > Y

  820. DESCRIPTION: Greater than

  821.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  822. ------------------------------------------------------------

  823.      SYNTAX: X >< Y

  824. DESCRIPTION: Not Equal

  825.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  826. ------------------------------------------------------------

  827.      SYNTAX: X >= Y

  828. DESCRIPTION: Greater than or Equal

  829.  PRECEDENCE: 7

  830. ------------------------------------------------------------

  831.      SYNTAX: NOT X

  832. DESCRIPTION: Bitwise NOT

  833.  PRECEDENCE: 6

  834. ------------------------------------------------------------

  835.      SYNTAX: X AND Y

  836. DESCRIPTION: Bitwise AND

  837.  PRECEDENCE: 5

  838. ------------------------------------------------------------

  839.      SYNTAX: X OR Y

  840. DESCRIPTION: Bitwise OR

  841.  PRECEDENCE: 4

  842. ------------------------------------------------------------

  843.